Cinchona pubescens cinchona "China" For other uses, see Quina (disambiguation). Quinaquina quinine or cinchona bark is or "husk", looks and different qualities depending on the species from which it came. The machine is a medicine febrifuge, tonic and antiseptic. Used primarily as a tonic in powder, extract, tincture, syrup, wine, etc.. And abroad in infusion or decoction to wash wounds and ulcers. It contains several alkaloids, of which the most abundant and important are four, all useful as antimalarial and employees collectively to prepare totaquina. These are: quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and Cinchonidine. Apart from alkaloids, also has astringent principles (tannins proantocianidoles dimers and tr menos) and other compounds such as organic acids (acid quinot nico red cinchonism) or terpene compounds involved in the bitterness .quinidine quinine bark was used by pre-Columbian cultures of Peru as drug, before the discovery of the New World. His virtues were recognized in Europe as recently as 1631, when he was taken by the Jesuit Alonso Venegas Messia to Rome, sent by the first pharmacist college of St. Paul de Lima, the Italian Jesuit who had observed Salumbrino Augustine in Peru its use to eliminate tremors, then was released and marketed by the Jesuits and imported officially by France. During the second half of the eighteenth century botanical studies were conducted in several species and varieties of cinchona, including within the genus Cinchona Cinchona or by a legend that says he cured the Countess of Chinchon, wife of the viceroy of Peru, Earl of Chinch n.One version says that in 1852 the Netherlands took seeds of cinchona plantations in Java and set up another to give the English version Clements Markham Asia have led to the seeds of the machine where you come to develop a large agribusiness, which supplied raw materials the international pharmaceutical industry, until Japan occupied the plantation during the Second World War. To countered Indonesia's occupation by the Japanese, United States promoted plantations in South America and Puerto Rico, and the production of synthetic drugs against malaria, which have subsequently come to replace the machine mass in the treatment of malaria, although to which, quinine or quinine drugs, are still drugs of choice for treatment against Plasmodium falciparum infections.The machine is one of the raw materials used in the manufacture of the tonic (and medicinal) called Angostura bitters, developed by Johann Gottlieb Benjamin Siegert in the early nineteenth century in the Angostura del Orinoco, renamed the city after Ciudad Bolivar, a of the major cities of the Orinoco basin. While translating William Cullen Treaty (A Treatise on the Materia Medica), Samuel Hahnemann discovered that the bark of the Cinchona tree of the genus, was effective in treating malaria because of its astringency. Samuel Hahnemann noticed that other binding agents were not effective against malaria or malaria and began to apply himself to check on these effects, finding that the drug evoked symptoms associated with malaria in his person, concluding that this would be in a healthy person . It allowed him to postulate the homeopathic healing principle. A prepared from Cinchona in homeopathy is called China.Some consider the bark of Loja as original name of the machine, "the most important medicinal plant overseas, according to these versions have been discovered in the early s. XVII in the Viceroyalty of Peru, village of Loja, near the town of Malacatos (today Ecuador). The crust was imposed as a remedy and febrifuge all. People Malacatos and Loja, "knew, apparently forever, the power of the machine and through it were healthy." Miraculous bark was sold at the price of gold and defendant became increasingly over-reaching intense of the husk, so it is in danger of extinction. cinchona in Peru coat of the cinchona tree Shield is part of Peru, representing the plant kingdom. Ecuador's national tree is the tree of quinine or quinine (or cinchona, as it was known since the mid eighteenth century, when the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus made his scientific classification).